PrEP Promise

CE / CME

PrEP: Fulfilling the Promise of Current and Future Regimens

Nurses: 0.75 Nursing contact hour

Physicians: maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit

Pharmacists: 0.75 contact hour (0.075 CEUs)

Released: November 20, 2023

Expiration: November 19, 2024

Linda-Gail Bekker
Linda-Gail Bekker, MBChB, DTMH, DCH, FCP(SA), PhD

Activity

Progress
1
Course Completed

References

  1. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV treatment as prevention. cdc.gov/hiv/risk/art/index.html. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  2. UNAIDS. The path that ends AIDS: UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2023. unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2023/global-aids-update-2023. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  3. Grulich A. The prospect of HIV elimination through prevention programmes. Presented at: IAS 2023, the 12th IAS Conference on HIV Science; July 23-26, 2023. Plenary Session PL05.
  4. Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [prescribing information]. Seattle, WA: Gilead Sciences; 2023.
  5. Gandhi RT, Bedimo R, Hoy JF, Landovitz RJ, et al. Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of hiv infection in adults: 2022 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA panel. JAMA. 2023;329:63-84.
  6. Tan DHS, Hull MW, Yoong D, et al. Canadian guideline on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis. CMAJ. 2017;189:E1448-E1458.
  7. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States – 2021 Update: a clinical practice guideline. cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2021.pdf. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  8. Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide [prescribing information]. Seattle, WA: Gilead Sciences; 2022.
  9. Cabotegravir extended-release injectable suspension [prescribing information]. Research Triangle Park, NC: ViiV Healthcare; 2021.
  10. World Health Organization. WHO recommends the dapivirine vaginal ring as a new choice for HIV prevention for women at substantial risk of HIV infection. who.int/news/item/26-01-2021-who-recommends-the-dapivirine-vaginal-ring-as-a-new-choice-for-hiv-prevention-for-women-at-substantial-risk-of-hiv-infection. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  11. European AIDS Clinical Society. EACS guidelines. eacsociety.org/guidelines/eacs-guidelines. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  12. Molina JM, Capitant C, Spire B, et al. On-demand preexposure prophylaxis in men at high risk for HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2237-2246.
  13. Molina JM, Charreau I, Spire B, et al. Efficacy, safety, and effect on sexual behaviour of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in men who have sex with men: an observational cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2017;4:e402-e410.
  14. PrEP Watch. The dapivirine vaginal ring. prepwatch.org/products/the-dapivirine-vaginal-ring. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  15. Landovitz RJ, Donnell D, Clement ME, et al. Cabotegravir for HIV prevention in cisgender men and transgender women. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:595-608.
  16. Delany-Moretlwe S, Hughes JP, Bock P, et al. Cabotegravir for the prevention of HIV-1 in women: results from HPTN 084, a phase 3, randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2022;399:1779-1789.
  17. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first injectable treatment for HIV pre-exposure prevention. fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-injectable-treatment-hiv-pre-exposure-prevention. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  18. HIV.gov. U.S. statistics. hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  19. PrEP Watch. The Global PrEP Tracker. data.prepwatch.org. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  20. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. PrEP for HIV prevention in the U.S. cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/fact-sheets/hiv/PrEP-for-hiv-prevention-in-the-US-factsheet.html. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  21. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Core indicators for monitoring the ending the HIV epidemic initiative (preliminary data): National HIV Surveillance System data reported through June 2023; and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) data reported through March 2023. cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/surveillance-data-tables/vol-4-no-3/index.html. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  22. Schaefer R, Schmidt HA, Ravasi G, et al. Adoption of guidelines on and use of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: a global summary and forecasting study. Lancet HIV. 2021;8:e502-e510.
  23. Ogunbajo A, Storholm ED, Ober AJ, et al. Multilevel barriers to HIV PrEP uptake and adherence among Black and Hispanic/Latinx transgender women in Southern California. AIDS Behav. 2021;25:2301-2315.
  24. Poteat T, Wirtz A, Malik M, et al. A gap between willingness and uptake: findings from mixed methods research on HIV prevention among Black and Latina transgender women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;82:131-140.
  25. Mayer KH, Agwu A, Malebranche D. Barriers to the wider use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United States: a narrative review. Adv Ther. 2020;37:1778-1811.
  26. UNAIDS. Key populations. unaids.org/en/topic/key-populations. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  27. Veloso VG, Cáceres CF, Hoagland B, et al. Same-day initiation of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru (ImPrEP): a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicentre implementation study. Lancet HIV. 2023;10:e84-e96.
  28. Allen ST, O’Rourke A, White RH, et al. Barriers and facilitators to PrEP use among people who inject drugs in rural Appalachia: a qualitative study. AIDS Behav. 2020;24:1942-1950.
  29. Baldwin A, Light B, Allison WE. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection in cisgender and transgender women in the U.S.: a narrative review of the literature. Arch Sex Behav. 2021;50:1713-1728.
  30. Calabrese SK, Kalwicz DA, Modrakovic D, et al. An experimental study of the effects of patient race, sexual orientation, and injection drug use on providers’ PrEP-related clinical judgments. AIDS Behav. 2022;26:1393-1421.
  31. Goparaju L, Praschan NC, Warren-Jeanpiere L, et al. Stigma, partners, providers and costs: potential barriers to PrEP uptake among US Women. J AIDS Clin Res. 2017;8:730.
  32. Hershow RB, Gonzalez M, Costenbader E, et al. L. Medical providers and harm reduction views on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among people who inject drugs. AIDS Educ Prev. 2019;31:363-379.
  33. Hirschhorn LR, Brown RN, Friedman EE, et al. Black cisgender women's PrEP knowledge, attitudes, preferences, and experience in Chicago. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;84:497-507.
  34. Hightow-Weidman LB, Muessig K, Rosenberg E, et al. University of North Carolina/Emory Center for Innovative Technology (iTech) for addressing the HIV epidemic among adolescents and young adults in the United States: protocol and rationale for center development. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018;7:e10365.
  35. Okafor CN, Hucks-Ortiz C, Hightow-Weidman LB, et al. Brief report: associations between self-reported substance use behaviors and PrEP acceptance and adherence among Black MSM in the HPTN 073 study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;85:23-29.
  36. Pasipanodya EC, Stockman J, Phuntsog T, et al. “PrEP”ing for a PrEP demonstration project: understanding PrEP knowledge and attitudes among cisgender women. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21:220.
  37. Calabrese SK, Willie TC, Galvao RW, et al. Current US guidelines for prescribing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) disqualify many women who are at risk and motivated to use PrEP. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;81:395-405.
  38. Lama JR, Mayer KH, Perez-Brumer AG, et al. Integration of gender-affirming primary care and peer navigation with HIV prevention and treatment services to improve the health of transgender women: protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2019;8:e14091.
  39. Reback CJ, Kisler KA, Fletcher JB. A novel adaptation of peer health navigation and contingency management for advancement along the HIV care continuum among transgender women of color. AIDS Behav. 2021;25(suppl 1):40-51.
  40. Velloza J, Kapogiannis B, Bekker LG, et al. Interventions to improve daily medication use among adolescents and young adults: what can we learn for youth pre-exposure prophylaxis services? AIDS. 2021;35:463-475.
  41. HIV.gov. Long-acting HIV prevention tools. hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/potential-future-options/long-acting-prep/. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  42. Karunakaran D, Simpson SM, Su JT, et al. Design and testing of a cabotegravir implant for HIV prevention. J Control Release. 2021;330:658-668.
  43. Thurman AR, Ouattara LA, Yousefieh N, et al. A phase I study to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a vaginal insert containing tenofovir alafenamide and elvitegravir. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1130101.
  44. PrEP Watch. Injectable Lenacapavir for PrEP. prepwatch.org/products/lenacapavir-for-prep. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  45. World Health Organization. Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB LA) for HIV prevention: community perspectives. who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/11/29/default-calendar/long-acting-injectable-cabotegravir-(cab-la)-for-hiv-prevention--community-perspectives. Accessed November 15, 2023.
  46. Marzinke MA, Grinsztejn B, Fogel JM, et al. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men receiving injectable cabotegravir for HIV prevention: HPTN 083. J Infect Dis. 202;224:1581-1592.